05 — 數據與效能Data & Performance
把「可以用」變成
可以量的數字。
Turning “it works”
into numbers you can check.
四次通訊實驗測得 LoRa 最大通訊距離為 1.96 公里。
Four communication tests measured a maximum LoRa range of 1.96 km.
LoRa 距離為四次通訊實驗的實測結果；其餘為依目前排程、封包大小與耗電條件計算的設計估算。
LoRa ranges are measured results from four communication tests. Other figures are design estimates calculated from current scheduling, packet-size and power assumptions.
實測MEASURED
1.96km
LoRa 通訊距離LoRa link distance
四次實測：1.59／1.73／1.85／1.96 kmFour tests: 1.59 / 1.73 / 1.85 / 1.96 km
LoRa 可通訊距離LoRa link distance
BY TEST · 單位：公尺 (m)unit: meters (m)
設計估算DESIGN ESTIMATE
120h
生存信標節點電池續航Beacon battery life
一般回報；低頻 240 h／高頻 48 hNormal; low-rate 240 h / high-rate 48 h
容量估算CAPACITY ESTIMATE
40 / 55
同時追蹤節點Tracked nodes
穩定 / 尖峰Stable / peak
設計估算DESIGN ESTIMATE
40min
地面車續航UGV endurance
平坦／輕度碎石Flat / light rubble
設計估算DESIGN ESTIMATE
8km
定翼無人機Fixed-Wing UAV
40 分鐘40 minutes
設計估算DESIGN ESTIMATE
1.5km
四旋翼無人機Four-Rotor UAV
15 分鐘15 minutes
系統規格一覽System specs
關鍵數字，一次看完。
The key numbers, in one place.
LoRa 距離為四次通訊實驗的實測結果；其餘為依目前排程、封包大小與耗電條件計算的設計估算。
LoRa ranges are measured results from four communication tests. Other figures are design estimates calculated from current scheduling, packet-size and power assumptions.
| 項目Item | 規格／實測Spec / measured |
|---|---|
| LoRa 通訊距離LoRa link distance | 四次實測：1.59／1.73／1.85／1.96 km；最大 1.96 kmFour tests: 1.59 / 1.73 / 1.85 / 1.96 km; maximum 1.96 km |
| 生存信標節點電池續航Beacon battery life | 設計估算：一般約 120 h／低頻 240 h／高頻 48 hDesign estimate: normal ~120 h / low-rate 240 h / high-rate 48 h |
| 環境感測節點回報週期Env. report interval | 設計值：每 5 分鐘；超過閾值立即回報Design value: every 5 min; immediate on threshold |
| 指揮中心同時追蹤節點數Nodes tracked at once | 容量估算：穩定 40 · 尖峰 55Capacity estimate: stable 40 · peak 55 |
| 地面車續航與越野UGV endurance / terrain | 設計估算：約 40 分鐘 · 平坦／輕度碎石Design estimate: ~40 min · flat / light rubble |
| 無人機作業距離與飛行時間UAV operating distance / flight time | 設計估算：定翼約 8 km／40 分；四旋翼約 1.5 km／15 分Design estimate: fixed-wing ~8 km / 40 min; quad ~1.5 km / 15 min |
| 封包傳送頻率、大小及遺失率Packet rate, size, loss | 封包設計約 30–150 bytes；遺失率估算：開闊地 < 5%、邊緣 < 15%Packet design ~30–150 bytes; estimated loss: open < 5%, edge < 15% |
| SBN 單一節點物料成本（BOM）BOM per SBN node | 設計估算：約 NT$2,000，無月租；其他模組成本見下表Design estimate: ~NT$2,000, no subscription; see the table below for other modules |
成本與電力Cost & Power
模組成本與續航。
Module cost and endurance.
單套成本與續航時間均為依目前硬體配置整理的估算值。
Per-unit costs and endurance figures are estimates based on the current hardware configuration.
| 模組Module | 單套成本（估）Est. unit cost | 續航時間Endurance |
|---|---|---|
| SBN 生存信標節點SBN survival beacon node | US$62 | 一般 120 h／低頻 240 h／高頻 SOS 48 hNormal 120 h / low-rate 240 h / high-rate SOS 48 h |
| SEN 環境感測節點SEN environmental sensor node | US$83 | 約 50 天（2×18650、每 5 分鐘回報）；含 2 W 太陽能可長期駐點~50 days (2×18650, reporting every 5 min); 2 W solar supports long-term deployment |
| CMD 指揮中心CMD command centre | HQ LoRa 節點 US$59＋平板／筆電沿用現有裝備（新購約 US$370）HQ LoRa node US$59 + existing tablet/laptop (about US$370 if purchased new) | HQ 節點 60–90 h（持續接收）；平板 8–10 hHQ node 60–90 h (continuous receive); tablet 8–10 h |
| RR 搜救員手持端RR rescuer handheld | 手持終端 US$60＋手機沿用個人裝備Handheld terminal US$60 + rescuer's existing phone | 終端約 70 h（每 3 秒回報）；手機 App 10–14 hTerminal ~70 h (3-second reporting); phone app 10–14 h |
| UGV 地面機器人UGV ground robot | US$185 | 40 分鐘（平坦／輕度碎石，2S 3,000 mAh，平均 4.5 A）40 min (flat/light rubble, 2S 3,000 mAh, 4.5 A average) |
| UAV 空中載具UAV aerial vehicles | 四旋翼 US$400／定翼 US$555Quadcopter US$400 / fixed-wing US$555 | 四旋翼 15 分鐘・1.5 km；定翼 40 分鐘・8 kmQuadcopter 15 min · 1.5 km; fixed-wing 40 min · 8 km |
效能情境Performance Scenarios
壓力、斷線與成本。
Load, link loss and cost.
以下依現有系統參數估算不同負載下的預期行為與規模差異。
The following estimates use the current system parameters to compare expected behaviour under different loads.
| 評估項目Evaluation | 條件Condition | 預估結果Estimated result |
|---|---|---|
| 10 節點負載10-node load | 一般回報＋隨機 1 個 SOSNormal reports + one random SOS | 封包抵達率 98.6% · P95 延遲 1.2 s98.6% delivery · 1.2 s P95 latency |
| 25 節點負載25-node load | 一般回報＋同時 2 個 SOSNormal reports + two concurrent SOS | 封包抵達率 96.8% · P95 延遲 1.8 s96.8% delivery · 1.8 s P95 latency |
| 40 節點負載40-node load | 一般回報＋同時 4 個 SOSNormal reports + four concurrent SOS | 封包抵達率 93.5% · P95 延遲 2.7 s93.5% delivery · 2.7 s P95 latency |
| BLE 斷線BLE link loss | 手機離開範圍 30 s 後返回Phone leaves range for 30 s and returns | LoRa 持續運作 · 預估 5–15 s 重新連線並同步狀態LoRa remains active · estimated 5–15 s reconnect and state sync |
| 節點遺失Node loss | 單一中繼節點停止回報One relay node stops reporting | 30 s 標記逾時 · 其他節點繼續通訊Marked timed-out after 30 s · other nodes continue |
| HQ App 斷線HQ App link loss | BLE 暫停 60 sBLE unavailable for 60 s | HQ LoRa 鏈維持接收 · App 重連後同步最新狀態HQ LoRa continues receiving · latest state syncs after reconnection |
估算基準：L4 Profile、30–150 byte 封包、既有角色回報週期與 18 個搜尋頻道；各負載情境以 10 分鐘任務窗口計算。
Estimate baseline: L4 profile, 30–150 byte packets, current role-report intervals and 18 search channels, calculated over a 10-minute mission window for each load case.